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    • CADMIUM IN URINE IN INHABITANTS OF OSLO-NYDALEN, HOLMESTRAND AND SØRUMSAND AS A FUNCTION OF AIR CADMIUM AND OTHER SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS 

      Clench-Aas, Jocelyn; Thomassen, Yngvar; Levy, Finn; Moseng, Jon; Skaug, Kjell (NILU OR;68/87, Research report, 1987)
      Urinary cadmium was measured in men, women and children in Oslo-Nydalen (exposed to industrial cadmium emission), Holmestrand and Sørumsand (both controls). Despite higher ambient values of cadmium in Oslo-Nydalen than in ...

    • Cadmium pollution from zinc‐smelters up to four‐fold higher than expected in western Europe in the 1980s as revealed by alpine ice 

      Legrand, Michel; McConnell, Joseph; Lestel, L.; Preunkert, Susanne; Arienzo, Monica M; Chellman, Nathan J; Stohl, Andreas; Eckhardt, Sabine (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Estimates of past emission inventories suggest that toxic heavy metal pollution in Europe was highest in the mid‐1970s for lead and in the mid‐1960s for cadmium, but these previous estimates have not been compared to ...

    • Calculation of personal exposure. The Urban Exposure Management Tool. 

      Laupsa, Herdis; Fløisand, Inga (NILU TR;04/2005, Research report, 2005)
      The Urban Exposure management tool calculates personal exposure to air pollution in the form of particulate matter in indoor and outdoor environments as well as water disinfection by-products from tap water and swimming ...

    • Calibration and Application of a Passive Air Sampler (XAD-PAS) for Volatile Methyl Siloxanes 

      Krogseth, Ingjerd Sunde; Zhang, Xianming; Lei, Ying D.; Wania, Frank; Breivik, Knut (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      Because the atmosphere is key to understanding the environmental behavior of volatile methyl siloxanes (VMS), a variety of reliable air sampling methods are needed. The purpose of this study was to calibrate and evaluate ...

    • Calibration and assessment of electrochemical low-cost sensors in remote alpine harsh environments 

      Dallo, Frederico; Zannoni, Daniele; Gabrieli, Jacopo; Cristofanelli, Paolo; Calzolari, Francescopiero; de Blasi, Fabrizio; Spolaor, Andrea; Battistel, Dario; Lodi, Rachele; Cairns, Warren R. L.; Fjæraa, Ann Mari; Bonasoni, Paolo; Barbante, Carlo (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      This work presents results from an original open-source low-cost sensor (LCS) system developed to measure tropospheric O3 in a remote high altitude alpine site. Our study was conducted at the Col Margherita Observatory ...

    • Calibration of CO, NO2, and O3 Using Airify: A Low-Cost Sensor Cluster for Air Quality Monitoring 

      Ionascu, Marian-Emanuel; Castell, Nuria; Boncalo, Oana; Schneider, Philipp; Darie, Marius; Marcu, Marius (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      During the last decade, extensive research has been carried out on the subject of low-cost sensor platforms for air quality monitoring. A key aspect when deploying such systems is the quality of the measured data. Calibration ...

    • CALIOP near-real-time backscatter products compared to EARLINET data 

      Grigas, Tomas; Hervo, Maxime; Gimmestad, Gary; Forrister, Haviland; Schneider, Philipp; Preißler, Jana; Tarrasón, Leonor; O'Dowd, Colin D. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015)

    • Can commercial low-cost sensor platforms contribute to air quality monitoring and exposure estimates? 

      Castell, Nuria; Dauge, Franck Rene; Schneider, Philipp; Vogt, Matthias; Lerner, Uri; Fishbain, Barak; Broday, David M.; Bartonova, Alena (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017)
      The emergence of low-cost, user-friendly and very compact air pollution platforms enable observations at high spatial resolution in near-real-time and provide new opportunities to simultaneously enhance existing monitoring ...

    • Can plastic related chemicals be indicators of plastic ingestion in an Arctic seabird? 

      Collard, France; Tulatz, Felix; Harju, Mikael; Herzke, Dorte; Bourgeon, Sophie; Gabrielsen, Geir Wing (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)
      For decades, the northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) has been found to ingest and accumulate high loads of plastic due to its feeding ecology and digestive tract morphology. Plastic ingestion can lead to both physical and ...

    • Can statistics of turbulent tracer dispersion be inferred from camera observations of SO2 in the ultraviolet? A modelling study. 

      Kylling, Arve; Ardeshiri, Hamidreza; Cassiani, Massimo; Dinger, Anna Solvejg; Park, Soon-Young; Pisso, Ignacio; Schmidbauer, Josef Norbert; Stebel, Kerstin; Stohl, Andreas (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Atmospheric turbulence and in particular its effect on tracer dispersion may be measured by cameras sensitive to the absorption of ultraviolet (UV) sunlight by sulfur dioxide (SO2), a gas that can be considered a passive ...

    • Cancer risk and the complexity of the interactions between environmental and host factors: HENVINET interactive diagrams as simple tools for exploring and understanding the scientific evidence 

      Merlo, Domenico Franco; Filiberti, Rosangela; Kobernus, Michael John; Bartonova, Alena; Gamulin, Marija; Ferencic, Zeljko; Dusinska, Maria; Fucic, Alexsandra (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2012)

    • Car engines air filters. A useful ambient air sampler and/or a possible hazardous waste? 

      Katsogiannis, Athanasios A. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014)
      Car-engine air filters (CAFs) have been recently used as inexpensive alternative air sampling media for hydrophobic organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans ...

    • Car tire crumb rubber: Does leaching produce a toxic chemical cocktail in coastal marine systems? 

      Halsband-Lenk, Claudia; Sørensen, Lisbet; Booth, Andy; Herzke, Dorte (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Crumb rubber granulate (CRG) produced from end of life tires (ELTs) is commonly applied to synthetic turf pitches (STPs), playgrounds, safety surfaces and walkways. In addition to fillers, stabilizers, cross-linking agents ...

    • Carbon monoxide exposure in individuals working along Rådhusgata, Oslo, Norway, 1987. 

      Clench-Aas, Jocelyn; Myhre, Kjell; Krognes, Terje; Bartonova, Alena; Johnsrud, Mona; Neslein, Inger Lise (NILU OR; 44/89, Research report, 1989)
      Using portable CO-monitors, exposure for CO was measured in 126 people, both smokers and non-smokers working along Rådhusgata, Oslo, Norway. These values were compared to values of CO measured in blood (HbCO) or end-expired ...

    • Carbonaceous aerosols in Norwegian urban areas 

      Yttri, Karl Espen; Dye, Christian; Braathen, Ole-Anders; Simpson, David; Steinnes, Eiliv (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2009)

    • Carbon–nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation – Part 1: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling 

      Flechard, Chris R.; Ibrom, Andreas; Skiba, Ute; de Vries, Wim; Van Oijen, Marcel; Cameron, David R.; Dise, Nancy B.; Korhonen, Janne; Buchmann, Nina; Legout, Arnaud; Simpson, David; Sanz, Maria J.; Aubinet, Marc; Loustau, Denis; Montagnani, Leonardo; Neirynck, Johan; Janssens, Ivan A.; Pihlatie, Mari; Kiese, Ralf; Siemens, Jan; Francez, Andre-Jean; Augustin, Jurgen; Varlagin, Andrej; Olejnik, Janusz; Juszczak, Radoslaw; Aurela, Mika; Berveiller, Daniel; Chojnicki, Bogdan H.; Dämmgen, Urich; Delpierre, Nicolas; Djuricic, Vesna; Drewer, Julia; Dufrene, Eric; Eugster, Werner; Fauvel, Yannick; Fowler, David; Frumau, Arnoud; Granier, Andre; Gross, Patrick; Hamon, Yannick; Helfter, Carole; Hensen, Arjan; Horvath, Laszlo; Kitzler, Barbara; Kruijt, Bart; Kutsch, Werner; Lobo-do-Vale, Raquel; Lohila, Annalea; Longdoz, Bernard; Marek, Michal V.; Matteucci, Giorgio; Mitosinkova, Marta; Moreaux, Virginie; Neftel, Albrecht; Ourcival, Jean-Marc; Pilegaard, Kim; Pita, Gabriel; Sanz, Francisco; Schjoerring, Jan K.; Sebastià, Maria-Teresa; Tang, Y. Sim; Uggerud, Hilde Thelle; Urbaniak, Marek; van Dijk, Netty; Vesala, Timo; Vidic, Sonja; Vincke, Caroline; Weidinger, Tamas; Sechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie; Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus; Nemitz, Eiko; Sutton, Mark A. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      The impact of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition on carbon (C) sequestration in soils and biomass of unfertilized, natural, semi-natural and forest ecosystems has been much debated. Many previous results of this ...

    • CARIBIC aircraft measurements of Eyjafjallajokull volcanic clouds in April/May 2010 

      Rauthe-Schöch, A.; Weigelt, A.; Hermann, M.; Martinsson, B.G.; Baker, A.K.; Heue, K.-P.; Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M.; Zahn, A.; Scharffe, D.; Eckhardt, Sabine; Stohl, Andreas; van Velthoven, P.F.J. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2012)
      The Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) project investigates physical and chemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere using a Lufthansa Airbus long-distance ...

    • Carl Berners Plass. Beregning av luftforurensningsbelastning. 

      Haugsbakk, Ivar (NILU OR; 39/98, Research report, 1998)
      Det er utført beregning av produksjon og tilhørende konsentrasjoner av NO2 omkring Carl Berners Plass for dagens trafikksituajon, samt alternativ løsning med tunnel under krysset. Svevestøvkonsentrasjoner er også vurdert. ...

    • Case study of "Kristiania Kvadraturen" in Oslo. 

      Henriksen, Jan F.; Anda, Odd; Ofstad, Thor (NILU OR; 26/2001, Research report, 2001)
      The old part of Oslo, "Kristiania Kvadraturen", has been used as a case study for the "REACH management tool". The study shows that the CorrCost module in the management tool is able to calculate the corrosion rate, lifetime ...

    • Case study of the Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim. 

      Henriksen, Jan F.; Dahlin, Elin; Navrud, Ståle (NILU OR;40/2001, Research report, 2001)
      The Nidaros Cathedral has been used as a case study for the "Reach Management System". The two main contributions to the management system has been to obtain direct cost values for maintenance and repair for a historic ...