• Finding essentiality feasible: common questions and misinterpretations concerning the “essential-use” concept 

      Cousins, Ian T.; Dewitt, Jamie C.; Glüge, Juliane; Goldenman, Gretta; Herzke, Dorte; Lohmann, Rainer; Miller, Mark; Ng, Carla A.; Patton, Sharyle; Scheringer, Martin; Trier, Xenia; Wang, Zhanyun (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      The essential-use concept is a tool that can guide the phase-out of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and potentially other substances of concern. This concept is a novel approach to chemicals management that ...
    • Information Requirements under the Essential-Use Concept: PFAS Case Studies 

      Glüge, Juliane; London, Rachel; Cousins, Ian T.; Dewitt, Jamie; Goldenman, Gretta; Herzke, Dorte; Lohmann, Rainer; Miller, Mark; Ng, Carla A.; Patton, Sharyle; Trier, Xenia; Wang, Zhanyun; Scheringer, Martin (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of substances for which there are widespread concerns about their extreme persistence in combination with toxic effects. It has been argued that PFAS should only be ...
    • Strategies for grouping per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to protect human and environmental health 

      Cousins, Ian T.; DeWitt, Jamie C.; Glüge, Juliane; Goldenman, Gretta; Herzke, Dorte; Lohmann, Rainer; Miller, Mark; Ng, Carla A.; Scheringer, Martin; Vierke, Lena; Wang, Zhanyun (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Grouping strategies are needed for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), in part, because it would be time and resource intensive to test and evaluate the more than 4700 PFAS on the global market on a chemical-by-chemical ...
    • The concept of essential use for determining when uses of PFASs can be phased out 

      Cousins, Ian T.; Goldenman, G.; Herzke, Dorte; Lohmann, Rainer; Miller, Mark; Ng, Carla A.; Patton, Sharyle; Scheringer, Martin; Trier, Xenia; Vierke, Lena; Wang, Zhanyun; DeWitt, Jamie (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Because of the extreme persistence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and their associated risks, the Madrid Statement argues for stopping their use where they are deemed not essential or when safer alternatives ...
    • Zürich Statement on Future Actions on Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) 

      Ritscher, Amélie; Wang, Zhanyun; Scheringer, Martin; Boucher, Justin M.; Ahrens, Lutz; Berger, Urs; Bintein, Sylvain; Bopp, Stephanie K.; Borg, Daniel; Buser, Andreas M.; Cousins, Ian; DeWitt, Jamie; Fletcher, Tony; Green, Christopher; Herzke, Dorte; Higgins, Christopher; Huang, Jun; Hung, Hayley; Knepper, Thomas; Lau, Christopher S.; Leinala, Eeva; Lindstrom, Andrew B.; Liu, Jinxia; Miller, Mark; Ohno, Koichi; Perkola, Noora; Shi, Yali; Haug, Line Småstuen; Trier, Xenia; Valsecchi, Sara; van der Jagt, Katinka; Vierke, Lena (Others, 2018)
      Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are man-made chemicals that contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n–. To date, over 4,000 unique PFASs have been used in technical applications and consumer products, ...