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dc.contributor.authorHossaini, Ryan
dc.contributor.authorAtlas, Elliot
dc.contributor.authorDhomse, Sandip S.
dc.contributor.authorChipperfield, Martyn P.
dc.contributor.authorBernath, Peter F.
dc.contributor.authorFernando, Anton M.
dc.contributor.authorMühle, Jens
dc.contributor.authorLeeson, Amber A.
dc.contributor.authorMontzka, Stephen A.
dc.contributor.authorFeng, Wuhu
dc.contributor.authorHarrison, Jeremy J.
dc.contributor.authorKrummel, Paul
dc.contributor.authorVollmer, Martin K.
dc.contributor.authorReimann, Stefan
dc.contributor.authorO'Doherty, Simon
dc.contributor.authorYoung, Dickon
dc.contributor.authorMaione, Michela
dc.contributor.authorArduini, Jgor
dc.contributor.authorLunder, Chris Rene
dc.date.accessioned2019-05-29T08:39:24Z
dc.date.available2019-05-29T08:39:24Z
dc.date.created2019-05-24T13:23:37Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. 2019, 124 2318-2335.nb_NO
dc.identifier.issn2169-897X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2599376
dc.description.abstractVery short‐lived substances (VSLS), including dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), chloroform (CHCl3), perchloroethylene (C2Cl4), and 1,2‐dichloroethane (C2H4Cl2), are a stratospheric chlorine source and therefore contribute to ozone depletion. We quantify stratospheric chlorine trends from these VSLS (VSLCltot) using a chemical transport model and atmospheric measurements, including novel high‐altitude aircraft data from the NASA VIRGAS (2015) and POSIDON (2016) missions. We estimate VSLCltot increased from 69 (±14) parts per trillion (ppt) Cl in 2000 to 111 (±22) ppt Cl in 2017, with >80% delivered to the stratosphere through source gas injection, and the remainder from product gases. The modeled evolution of chlorine source gas injection agrees well with historical aircraft data, which corroborate reported surface CH2Cl2 increases since the mid‐2000s. The relative contribution of VSLS to total stratospheric chlorine increased from ~2% in 2000 to ~3.4% in 2017, reflecting both VSLS growth and decreases in long‐lived halocarbons. We derive a mean VSLCltot growth rate of 3.8 (±0.3) ppt Cl/year between 2004 and 2017, though year‐to‐year growth rates are variable and were small or negative in the period 2015–2017. Whether this is a transient effect, or longer‐term stabilization, requires monitoring. In the upper stratosphere, the modeled rate of HCl decline (2004–2017) is −5.2% per decade with VSLS included, in good agreement to ACE satellite data (−4.8% per decade), and 15% slower than a model simulation without VSLS. Thus, VSLS have offset a portion of stratospheric chlorine reductions since the mid‐2000s.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleRecent Trends in Stratospheric Chlorine From Very Short‐Lived Substancesnb_NO
dc.typeJournal articlenb_NO
dc.typePeer reviewednb_NO
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionnb_NO
dc.rights.holder©2019. The Authors.nb_NO
dc.source.pagenumber2318-2335nb_NO
dc.source.volume124nb_NO
dc.source.journalJournal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheresnb_NO
dc.identifier.doi10.1029/2018JD029400
dc.identifier.cristin1700102
cristin.unitcode7460,52,0,0
cristin.unitnameMåle- og instrumentteknologi
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode2


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